General electives can be selected from all the courses offered at Koç University.

ELEC 206 / ELECTROMAGNETISM
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: PHYS. 102 and MATH. 203

Review of vector calculus; electrostatics, Gauss' law, Poisson's equation, dielectric materials, electrostatic energy, boundary-value problems; magnetostatics, law of Biot and Savart, Ampere's law, magnetic forces and materials, magnetic energy; electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law; Maxwell's equations, Poynting's theorem.

ELEC 230 / PROGRAMMING FOR ENGINEERS
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: COMP 125 or COMP 130

Engineering problem solving and design using C/C++ programming languages. The course will cover concepts of C/C++ programming languages, including variables and functions, pointers and memory addressing, arrays, objects and classes, followed by examples in numerical methods, engineering analysis and design problems.

ELEC 291 / SUMMER PRACTICE I
Sınıf: Credit: 0Precondition: ELEC 100 and ACWR 101 and (DOS 171 or CPAP 100)

A minimum of 20 working days of training in an industrial summer practice program after the completion of second year. The training is based on the contents of the "Summer Practice Guide Booklet" prepared by each engineering department. Students receive practical knowledge and hands-on experience in an industrial setting.

ELEC 301 / SYSTEMS, CONTROL&COMMUNICATION
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: (ELEC 201 &ELEC 202)

Review of the frequency concept; analysis of circuits as linear systems, frequency response of circuits; introduction to communication systems, analog/digital modulation and demodulation; analog amplitude, frequency and phase modulation; digital amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying and phase shift keying; review of bilateral and unilateral Laplace transform; introduction to z-transform; introduction to analog and digital control systems, first and second order systems, stability of closed-loop systems; root-locus method; frequency-domain methods and bode plots.

ELEC 303 / DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: ELEC. 201

Review of discrete-time Fourier transform and sampling theory. Interpolation and decimation. Sampling in the frequency domain. The discrete Fourier transform and FFT, computation of FFT, Fourier analysis of signals using the FFT, spectral estimation and windows. The Z-transform, digital filtering, minimum-phase and generalized linear phase systems, structures for digital filters, FIR filter design methods, IIR filter design methods.

ELEC 310 / MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND DEVICES
Sınıf: Credit: 4Precondition: ELEC 201 & ELEC. 202

Introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor device physics. Diode, bipolar junction transistor, and MOS field effect transistor circuit models for design and analysis of electronic circuits. Analysis and design of single and multistage amplifiers. Amplifier operating point design. High frequency and low frequency response of single and multistage amplifiers. Introduction to integrated-circuit amplifiers.

ELEC 311 / DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS & VLSI DESIGN
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: ELEC. 310 & ELEC 204

Introduction to digital integrated circuits and VLSI design. CMOS devices and manufacturing technology. CMOS inverters, combinational logic gates and logic styles, sequential logic circuits at the transistor-level. On-chip interconnect. Analysis, design and optimization of digital integrated circuits with respect to design metrics such as cost, reliability, power consumption and speed. Computer-aided design tools for integrated circuits.

ELEC 312 / ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETISM
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: (PHYS. 302 or ELEC. 206) or consent of the instructor

Review of Maxwell's equations; conservation laws; electromagnetic waves; propagation of electromagnetic waves in conductors and dielectrics; transmission lines; waveguides; potentials and fields; radiation theory; electrodynamics and special theory of relativity.

ELEC 313 / SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS AND DEVICES
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: PHYS. 102 or consent of the instructor

Introduction to semiconductors: crystals, energy bands, charge carriers and doping, the Fermi level, carrier lifetime and mobility, optical properties. Electronic devices: p-n junctions, diodes, transistors; Optoelectronic devices: LED’s, diode lasers, detectors.

ELEC 315 / ELECTRONIC DESIGN
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: PHYS. 102 or consent of the instructor

Review of the active and passive circuit components: design and construction of various electrical and electronic devices such as power supplies, audio amplifiers, radio receivers, temperature controllers, and motion detectors. Practical aspects of electronic circuit design. Familiarity with basic electronics at the level of Physics 102 is required.

ELEC 316 / ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: ELEC.301

Overview of Communication Systems, Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier Modulation Based Transceivers, Hilbert Transform, Single Side Band Suppressed Carrier Modulation Based Transceivers, Analog Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, Baseband Equivalent Model, Phase and Frequency Modulation, Super Heterodyne Receiver, Digital Modulation, Binary Phase Shift Keying Modulation, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Modulation, Phase Distortion and Differential Modulation, Digital Quadrature Amplitude Modulation.

ELEC 317 / EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

An introduction to the design of embedded systems with an emphasis on understanding the microcomputer fundamentals by relating hardware, software and the physical applications. Topics covered include architecture and operation of a typical microprocessor, assembly language programming, serial and parallel input/output, memory (RAM and ROM), interrupts, concurrency management, and real-time constraints.

ELEC 391 / SUMMER PRACTICE II
Sınıf: Credit: 0Precondition: (ELEC 291 or ENGR 291) and ACWR 106-102-103-104-105-107

A minimum of 20 working days of training in an industrial summer practice program after the completion of second year. The training is based on the contents of the "Summer Practice Guide Booklet" prepared by each engineering department. Students receive practical knowledge and hands-on experience in an industrial setting.

ELEC 401 / MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: ELEC. 206 or consent of the instructor

High-frequency techniques; Maxwell’s equations and wave phenomenon; characterization of high-frequency circuits via S-parameters; concepts of group velocity and dispersion, and their effects on high-speed digital circuits; analysis and design of microstrip lines and other transmission media; microwave passive and active components; design of matching networks and high frequency amplifiers.

ELEC 403 / SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: PHYS. 102 or consent of the instructor

Elementary crystal structure; the reciprocal lattice; lattice dynamics and phonons; thermal properties of materials; electron gas; Fermi-Dirac statistics and the Fermi surface; band theory, semiconductor physics and properties, semiconductor devices.

ELEC 404 / DIGITAL SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: ELEC. 201 or consent of the instructor

Sound and human speech systems, phonetics and phonology, speech signal representations, role of pitch and formants, pitch-scale and time-scale modifications, basics of speech coding and VoIP systems, fundamentals of pattern and speech recognition, search algorithms for speech recognition.

ELEC 405 / LINEAR SYSTEM THEORY
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: Prerequesties: ELEC 301 or ELEC 304

Linear Algebra Review, Normal Matrices, Quadratic Forms and Semidefinite Matrices, Inner Product and Norm Spaces, State Space Descriptions for Continuous and Discrete Time Systems, Controllability, Observability, Stability, Realization Theory.

ELEC 406 / DIGITAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: ELEC. 303

Review of multi-dimensional sampling theory, aliasing, and quantization, fundamentals of color, human visual system, 2-D Block transforms, DFT, DCT and wavelets. Image filtering, edge detection, enhancement, and restoration. Basic video file formats, resolutions, and bit rates for various digital video applications. Motion analysis and estimation using 2D and 3D models. Motion-compensated filtering methods for noise removal, de-interlacing, and resolution enhancement. Digital image and video compression methods and standards, including JPEG/JPEG2000 and MPEG-1/2 and 4. Content-based image and video indexing and MPEG-7.

ELEC 408 / COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: ELEC. 201 or consent of the instructor

Study of computational models of visual perception and their implementation in computer systems. Topics include: image formation; edge, corner and boundary extraction, segmentation, matching, pattern recognition and classification techniques; 3-D Vision: projection geometry, camera calibration, shape from stereo/silhouette/shading, model-based 3D object recognition; color texture, radiometry and BDRF; motion analysis.

ELEC 411 / DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: (ELEC 316 or ELEC 301) & ENGR 200

Probability theory, stochastic processes, characterization of digital communication signals and systems, digital modulation schemes, optimum receivers for additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, signal design for band-limited channels, inter-symbol interference (ISI), optimum reception for channels with ISI and AWGN, linear equalization, adaptive equalization, entropy and source coding, channel capacity and coding.

ELEC 412 / ADVANCED DIGITAL PROCESSING
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Adaptive Filtering, LMS, RLS and Fast Algorithms, Array Signal Processing, Blind Algorithms & Subspace Methods for Channel Identification and Equalization, Convex Optimization and Its Applications, Multirate Signal Processing and Filter Banks.

ELEC 414 / WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

The cellular concept, channel assignment strategies, frequency reuse, handoff strategies, interference sources, mobile radio propagation, large-scale path loss, small-scale fading and multipath, modulation techniques for mobile radio, diversity combining, transmit and receive antennas for wireless communication systems, multiple access techniques in wireless, error correction codes and ARQ schemes, wireless networking, OFDM and multiple-input multiple-output systems, wireless systems & standards: GSM, IS-95, cdma2000, W-CDMA, LTE (4G), LTE-Advanced and 5G New Radio, advanced topics and current trends in wireless communications,design oriented exercises using MATLAB aids.

ELEC 416 / COMPUTER NETWORKS
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: COMP. 132 or consent of the instructor

Principles of computer networks and network protocols; Internet protocol stack with emphasis on application, transport, network and link layers; network edge and network core; client/server and peer-to-peer models; routing algorithms; reliable data transfer; flow and congestion control; protocol design and analysis; network performance metrics; software-defined networks; network programming and distributed applications.

ELEC 417 / VLSI AND DIGITAL DESIGN
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: ELEC. 311 or consent of the instructor

Issues in digital integrated circuit design. The devices. CMOS Inverter. Combinational logic gates in CMOS. Designing sequential logic circuits. Designing arithmetic building blocks. Timing issues in digital circuits. Memories and array structures. Design verification and testing. Design projects using computer aided design tools: SPICE, MAGIC, IRSIUM, OCTTOOLS. Project design requirements include architectural design, logic and timing verification, layout design, and test pattern generation. The resulting chips may be fabricated.