Development, nature and sources of environmental law; right to environment as a human right and its constitutional basis; conservation of environment, administrative actions and sanctions for conservation of environment; environmental pollution and its types; civil and penal liability for environmental damage, international dimension of environmental law.

Air Law from private Law aspect. General introduction to air Law; review of international organizations, inter- natioal conventions as well as national regulations in this field. Examination of concept and nationality of aircraft, operation of an aircraft and non-contractual liability arising therefrom. Carriage of passengers and cargo by air. Insurance aspects and aviation security.

This English-based course will examine how U.S. federal and state courts are organized and how they work, including taking a look at the way Laws have developed under the precedent system of common Law relevant to American courts. A select number of decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States will be examined to learn how precedent has been used to determine the meaning and application of a very important legal principle for American society.

Concept of ownership of land, condominum ownership, praedial servitudes, right of way, right of construction and right of usufruct and mortgage.

Basics of the competition law, critical legal and economic analysis. Main substantive laws within the context of `The Act on Protection of Competition No 4054?. Examination of the relevant statutory and case law framework, an introduction to US and EC antitrust laws. Specific categories of business practices such as privatization, franchising, and patents.The provisions on unfair competition of the Turkish Commercial Code.

International status of European Community and Union; the institutions. The law making power. Court of Justice. The Association Agreement. The law of the European Union: Free movement of persons, capital and services. Competition. Harmonisation and unification of laws. Customs Union.

Historical development, concept and the scope of International Criminal Law (ICL), general principles of ICL. Prosecution of crimes committed abroad before national courts, applicability of foreign penal codes before national courts, execution of foreign judgments, international cooperation in the prosecution of international and transnational crimes, International crimes, International criminal tribunals.

Basic concepts and historical development of human rights, human rights theories, classification and restriction of human rights on the national and international level (especially the European system for the protection of human rights), as well as their legal protection.

Various types of contracts which are commonly used in practice: Sale, agency, mixed contracts. Contracts and modern technology.

Internal Market. Free Movement of Goods. Free Movement of Capital. Free Movement of Workers. Free Movement of Services. Right of Establisment. International Economic Agreements of the EU; WTO Agreements, Association Agreements, Customs Union, EU ? Türkiye Economic Relations. EU Company Law. EU Intellectual Property Law. EU Competition Law ? Private Sector; Agreements, Decisions, Concerted Practises, Abuse of Dominant Position, Merger Control. EU Competition Law ? Public Sector; State Aids. EU Public Procurement Law.

Banking institutions and related concepts, banking licence, banking transactions, corporate governance, management structure of banks, general principles of banking law, credits, deposits, qualified liability of bank.

Rules relating to acquisition and loss of nationality in general and under the Turkish Nationality Act; general knowledge of immigration Law, including subjects as the entrance, residence, and working in Türkiye. Conflict of Laws.

Turkish system of inheritance. Statutory successors, reserved portion. Wills and agreements of inheritance. Form of testamentary dispositions. Determination of heirs, refusal of estate, official liquidation. Partition of the estate.

Execution of court orders, its procedure and characteristics; precautionary measures; attachment.

The basic concepts of the law of insurance, public oversight of insurance companies, insurance brokers, contract of insurance, obligations and duties of the insurer, policy holder and third persons.

General introduction with historical background; sources of Turkish admiralty law; ship ownership and mortgage; damaged caused by ships; precautionary measures; marine transport. Selected topics.

Legal problems of international business basically from the Turkish point of view. Emphasis will be put on the rapidly developing sectors of Turkish international business, such as international sales contracts, agency relations, transportation of goods, means of payment, unfair competition, tortuous liability for products.

Conflict of laws; international civil procedure. Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and arbitral awards.

General regulations encompassing capital market instruments, issuers, publicly held corporations, investor protection, intermediary institutions, capital market investment companies, administrative regulatory aspect of capital markets, disclosure requirements, the Capital Market Board of Türkiye and its regulatory functions.

Students will gain experience in advanced research and write complex legal documents, including appeals court briefs, opinion letters, and office memoranda.

General principles of taxation applied to individuals and companies conducting cross-border transactions; the income tax aspects of (1) foreign income earned by Turkish resident taxpayers, and (2) domestic income earned by non-resident foreign taxpayers; the double taxation problem arising from such transactions which are normally taxable under the domestic rules of both state of residence and the state of source; international tax disputes arising from the application of tax treaties and procedures established under tax treaties for the solution of such disputes.

Constitutional principles of taxation, tax procedure, tax crimes and tax disputes. Income and corporate taxation and value added tax.

Administrative and judicial procedural rules on tax disputes; compromise and correction procedures applied on tax disputes occurred between the tax payers and the tax administration; the judicial procedural Law applied on tax disputes held by tax courts.

Author's rights; patent Law; trade · mark Law. References to further Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights pertaining to particular conduct, situations or subject matters. Main international conventions and organisations, the impact of the European Union on the intellectual and industrial property legislation of Türkiye.