General electives can be selected from all the courses offered at Koç University.

LAW 433 / LABOR LAW I
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: LAW. 205

Historical background of Labor Law; the individual employment contract; rights and obligations of the parties; organization of work and working time; remuneration; paid vacations and annual leave with pay; termination of employment contract; job security; collective dismissal; severance pay.

LAW 436 / LAW OF ENFORCEMENT AND INSOLVENCY II
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: (LAW. 304 and LAW. 409) or consent of the instructor

Nature of bankruptcy; insolvency bodies; bankruptcy proceedings; consequences of bankruptcy; conduct of bankruptcy; rescue and rehabilitation

LAW 437 / INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

As an important business the movement of goods and passengers; brief introduction to international sale of goods, its relation with the transportation; parties ?other than the carrier- involved in the transport, such as freight forwarders, terminal operators; carriage of goods by all modes, i.e. sea, road, rail, air, and inland; multimodal transport; international transport conventions; contractual terms; international transport documents; parties to the contract of carriage; scope of application of the transport conventions, liability of the carrier, exoneration from liability, limits of liability, loss of right to limit, and jurisdiction.

LAW 440 / LABOR LAW II
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition: LAW. 433

Collective labor relations; organization and structure of trade unions; collective agreements; settlement of collective labor disputes; mediation and arbitration; strikes and lock-outs and their exceptions

LAW 441 / SOCIAL SECURITY LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Fundamental concepts of social security law such as the social insurance, social aid and social services; financing of the social security; conclusion of the social insurance relationship; rights and duties of the persons protected as well as its results; content of the protection of the secured persons for the risks of sickness, unemployment, old-age, employment injury, maternity, invalidity and loss of life.

LAW 455 / MIXED AGREEMENTS
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

MIXED AGREEMENTS -Analysis of mixed/sui generis agreements (i.e., franchise, know-how, management agreements, distributorship agreements and contract of warranty) with focus on selected topics of Law of Obligations, including contract interpretation techniques, instruments of protection of the weak party of the contract, clauses of limitation of liability, triangular relationships,assessment of damages for breach of contract; study of application of the selected topics through their application in the field of mixed agreements.

LAW 501 / COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: RIGHTS, INSTITUTIONS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Comparative constitutional study of constitutional endurance, constitution-making, and constitutional designs and redesigns; constitutional identities; Türkiye, continental law countries, European Union (EU), the United States, Latin American experiences and other global case-studies of adopting a comparative institutional analysis approach; rise of comparative constitutional review (abstract and concrete review as well as individual applications) and judicialization; constitutional interpretation with respect to transnational approaches; constitutional leadership, deparlamentarization and presidential power; major case-law and common standards as to institutional choices, judicial policies, equal protection and non-discrimination, gender and citizenship, constitutional rights and freedoms.

LAW 502 / EUROPEAN HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Overview of the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe; the normative framework of the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR); the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR); the supervisory mechanism of the ECHR; general concepts and doctrines like positive obligations and the margin of appreciation; execution of the ECtHR judgements.

LAW 503 / TRANSNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Classical topics of international criminal law, such as international prosecutions and international criminal tribunals, substantive law of international crimes, principles and procedures of international prosecutions, alternatives and complements to criminal prosecution; the norms of European criminal law, including Eurocrimes, European criminal procedure, European co-operation and enforcement; the nature of transnational organized criminality and transnational crimes, such as drug trafficking, money laundering, trafficking in human beings, migrant smuggling, cybercrimes and terrorism, and the treaties that create obligations for States with respect to their suppression; matters of enforcement including jurisdiction and mechanisms of international co-operation with respect to fighting criminality, such as mutual legal assistance.

LAW 504 / INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN CONTRACT LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

An introduction to international and European private law; similarities and discrepancies between civil law and common law traditions; contract law from an international and European perspective. UNIDROIT Principles; United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG); Principles of European Contract Law (PECL); Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR). Comparison of different solutions for selected problems of contract law, envisaged by relevant international and European legal instruments and selected national legal systems.

LAW 505 / DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS IN INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

International jurisdiction of the Turkish courts in private matters having cross-border implications. Any means of settling disputes outside the courtroom; most common methods of ADR: arbitration and mediation. Legal aspects of arbitration and mediation by a comparative approach; rules & regulations regarding ADR methods in EU and Türkiye. The recent Turkish legislation on Mediation and its pecularities as well as the other ADR methods introduced with the recent amendments to the Turkish Lawyers Code, Turkish Code of Civil Procedure and Turkish Criminal Code. Systematic and comparative study on the prerequisites, effectiveness and enforcement of exclusive jurisdiction and arbitration agreements in international dispute resolution. Recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions and foreign arbitral awards in Türkiye.

LAW 506 / INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW IN A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

selected legal regimes with a special focus on the competing interests among the creators/inventors, investors and the users/consumers in the global business environment. Fundamental concepts of IP law and the historical background; the Mode of implementation of several WIPO and WTO administered international conventions in different legal regimes such as EU, Türkiye, US and BRICS countries. The legal conflicts and dilemmas arising with the widespread adoption of information technologies and the advances in genetics and other life sciences.

LAW 507 / GLOBAL COMPETITION LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Competition Law and Competition Policy. International Dimension of Competition Law. Involvement of international organisations in the field of Competition. Differences between competition law regimes around the world. Competition Enforcement. EU Competition Law Regime. US Antitrust Law Regime. Competition Law: Concept, Framework, Goals, Characteristics and Nature. Market Definition and Analysis. Cartels, Agreements and Concerted Practices. Abuse of Dominant Position. Merger Regulation. Competition Enforcement in Particular Sectors.

LAW 508 / WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) LAW AND TRADE
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Overview of the main principles of the legal agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO); the structure of the WTO, agreements, and dispute settlement processes; the key economic and legal concepts underpinning the WTO, including comparative advantage, national treatment, and most favoured nation status; specific trade topics, including intellectual property, services, antidumping, safeguards, subsidies, sanitary and phytosanitary measures and free trade agreements.

LAW 509 / PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

The principles and procedures applied in any procurement held by public authorities and institutions governed by public law or under public control or using public funds under Turkish law; procurement process; Public Procurement Authority; review of complaints and settlement of disputes.

LAW 510 / TELECOMMUNICATIONS LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

The history of telecommunications law (concept, legal framework, legal regime that it is subject to); main principles regarding telecommunication law (universality, free competition, transparency, equality, continuity and adaptation, service, etc); telecommunications services (telephone services, telegraph and postal services), value-added telecommunications services; the Independent National Regulatory Body- Information and Communication Technologies Authority (organization, structure, powers, obligations, and the importance of secondary regulations issued); telecommunications services; the different types of contracts; privatization and liberalization of the telecommunications sector.

LAW 511 / UNITED NATIONS (UN) HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION SYSTEM
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Discussion of the core United Nations (UN) human rights standards and their universality; the structure of UN treaty bodies which monitor compliance with UN human rights treaties; the Human Rights Council as well as its mandate and the Council's subsidiary bodies; the obligations of states to uphold universal standards and the mechanisms in place to transform national injustices into international concerns giving rise to recommendations (but hardly sanctions) to governments; accountability tools to civil society.

LAW 512 / INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Legal issues, institutions, and strategies pertaining to international development; the structure and the role of international financial institutions, primarily Bretton Woods institutions- World Bank and the IMF; substantive legal issues pertaining to such matters as human rights, the status of women, the environment, and economic reform.

LAW 513 / PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP: LEGAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Models of public-private partnership; relationship of public-private partnership with public service, concessions, monopolies and privatization; operation of public service through delegation; operation of administrative activities other than public services through private undertakings and differentiation as to operation of pure economic-commercial activities; promotion-enhancement in public-private partnership; know-how transfer; research and development and off-set participation; patterns of public-private partnership in Türkiye; economic considerations in public-private partnership and their juridification; EU approach for public-private partnership.

LAW 514 / PRIVATIZATION LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Definition of privatization; differentiation of privatization from similar and related conceptualizations such as liberalization; application of private law in public services) relationship of privatization with public service, concessions and monopolies; differentiation of legal approach for privatization from economic approach; juridification of economic considerations; privatization of public service; legal priorities for privatization of pure economic-commercial activities; relationship of privatization with public-private partnership and differing privatization from public-private partnership; development of privatzation law in Türkiye and interaction of legislation, executive and judiciary in development process of privatization; methods of privatization in Türkiye; selected case studies of privatization experiences.

LAW 515 / LAW OF UNFAIR COMPETITION, TRADEMARKS AND PATENTS IN THE EU AND TÜRKİYE
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

This course will cover problems arising from unfair competition, trademark and patent disputes, both from substantive and procedural law perspectives. Significant discussion topics include the concept of invention, inventions which are not patentable, validity of patents, absolute and relative grounds of refusal for trademarks, types of trademarks, claims for damages, calculation of damages, preliminary injunctions and major problems in unfair competition litigation. The analysis will be of a comparative nature and will cover unfair competition and trademark laws of EU member states, Turkish decree law no. 556, TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights), EPC (European Patent Convention) and patent laws of the U.S.A and EU member states in detail.

LAW 518 / CORPORATE REORGANIZATION PLANS IN TERMS OF COMPARATIVE LAW AND LAW OF INSOLVENCY
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

This course will focus on suspension of bankruptcy, composition of deed, composition of deed by transferring assets and reorganization of the corporations and cooperations by negotiation. Specifically insolvent indebtiness, financial distress, rehabilitation plan, liquidation and similar important concepts will be discussed in terms of reorganization of corporations, by means of comparative law. Additionally, procedures of corporate reorganization will be covered. In this context, the U.S. reorganization system(Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Code), the liquidation process of German and Swiss legal systems of Europe, and social perceptions in French law will be comparatively analyzed.

LAW 530 / INTERNATIONAL LABOUR LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Analysis of the international labour conventions and recommendations; adoption of international labour standards; regular supervisory system; complaint procedure as to the infringement of freedom of association; impact of the supervisory system, and review of the ILO Constitution.

LAW 534 / GROUP OF COMPANIES LAW
Sınıf: Credit: 3Precondition:

Concept of group of companies, control, control mechanisms, mutual participation, mis-use of control, squeeze-out, liability of confidence.