Survey of the techniques for the generation of picosecond and femtosecond pulses from lasers; active and passive mode locking, saturable absorbers, master equation, theory of Kerr lens mode locking; propagation of ultrashort pulses in nonlinear and dispersive media; Measurement and characterization of ultrashort pulses; applications of femtosecond lasers in spectroscopy, medicine, and industry.

Random walk problems and probability concepts. Theory of polymers. Statistical mechanical concepts with emphasois on self-avoiding walks and biological polymer models: ensembles, free energy, entropy, scaling. Lattices as interacting models of random systems and phase transitions. Dynamical phenomena: Master equation (Examples: random walk and lattice growth), Langevin equation and its generalizations. Chaos and order.

Provides hands-on teaching experience to graduate students in undergraduate courses. Reinforces students' understanding of basic concepts and allows them to communicate and apply their knowledge of the subject matter.

Theoretical and practical aspects of working in a cell culture laboratory. Maintenance of a cell culture laboratory; problems and solutions.

This course will be an in-depth discussion of the discovery, molecular mechanisms and anabolic and catabolic pathways based on primary literature. Also the various metabolic disorders which are related with metabolic pathways will discussed.

The objectives of this lecture are to teach the anatomy and physiology of normal lung together with pathogenesis and pathophysiology of chronic airway diseases. General aspects of structure and physiology of normal lung and airways will be discussed, and clinical features of chronic airway diseases will be briefly reviewed. The mechanisms underlying diseases, inflammatory changes in airways and lung parenchyma; changes in signaling pathways, gene expression, transcription and protein synthesis will be discussed. Lectures will be performed by interactive discussions and presentations.

The aim of this course is to teach the basic principles of cellular and molecular immunology in details. The course will cover immune system and its components, different types of immune responses, immune mechanisms and the new developments in immunology including newly described immune cells and signal transduction pathways. Students will prepare a presentation for each scheduled topic and the course will be interactive with the discussion of each particular topic. The assessment of the students will be performed on the basis of their performance in presentations and their participation in discussion of topics.

The aim of this course is to teach the basic principles of cellular and molecular immunology in details. The course is the advanced version of Cellular and Molecular Immunology-I (CAMM 604) and will cover the specialized immune system mechanisms such as allergy and tumor immunology.

Many of the solid tumors contain significant amounts of stromal tissue. In extreme cases, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, tumor stroma can be more abundant then the tumor tissue. It is becoming clear that this stromal tissue is not a bystander in disease initiation and progression. Cancer-stroma interactions effect tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, therapy resistance and possibly the metastatic spread of tumor cells. Therefore, targeting the tumor stroma, in combination with chemotherapy, is a promising new option for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this course, we will discuss in depth the following issues: 1) How can stromal activity be used to detect early steps of carcinogenesis? 2) What is the effect of perpetual extracellular tissue formation and deposition on angiogenesis and tissue perfusion? 3) How can stroma impact on therapy resistance? 4) What is the impact of stroma on metastatic spread of tumor cells? 5) Does tumor stroma also have functions to locally confine the tumor?

This course is designed to give an introduction to the key concepts of molecular biology and its applications commonly used in research laboratories. The emphasis will be on the analysis of DNA and RNA structure, DNA replication, biochemistry of transcription and translation. Basic methods of molecular biology such as DNA and RNA isolation, gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, Southern (DNA) blotting, Northern (RNA) blotting and Western blotting will be discussed. The basic principles of flow cytometry and its use will also be covered during this course.

Understanding how drugs show their effects in biological systems and quantifying the drug response are integral parts of the drug discovery process. In this course, the aim is to introduce receptor theory and to allow the practice of its fundamental methods and applications. At the end of the course, students will be able to perform a pharmacological analysis of the drug response.

Liver fibrosis is a progressive clinical condition accompanying chronic liver disease, which results from persisting liver injury. Liver fibrosis is characterised by accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. This course is going to focus on genetic and epigenetic regulation of matrix generator hepatic stellate cells.

The course will focus primarily on the biochemical processes that underlie cellular function, with a particular emphasis on central dogma, protein structure and function, and energy metabolism. Moreover, the function of particular organelles, including cell membranes, intracellular compartments and cytoskeleton and the relevance of these structures on processes like cell signaling and mitosis will be broadly covered. Finally, how malfunctioning in the above mentioned cellular processes cause diseases and their progression along with up-to-date novel treatment options will be discussed. Students will also have a general idea about the methodology adopted to investigate and analyze cellular systems. Students are expected to prepare and present a grant proposal based on the knowledge gained through the course content.

The aim of the course is to give students experience in selected methods used in cellular and molecular medicine. The course comprises of a theoretical lecture closely integrated with practical experimentation. The hands on practical classes will enable the student to learn the techniques and experimental strategies of modern biochemical and molecular biological research. Macromolecules that are covered are proteins and DNA. Methods utilized are; purification of macromolecules, chromatography, gel electrophoresis, protein quantification, application of antibodies, propagation of plasmids in bacteria, isolation and characterization of plasmid DNA, introduction of genes into mammalian cells and observation of protein expression in cells.

Liver fibrosis is a progressive clinical condition accompanying chronic liver disease, which results from persisting liver injury. Liver fibrosis is characterised by accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. This course is going to focus on mechanisms of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.

This course is non-credit and aims to increase the scientific interaction between students and improve their presentation skills with the participation of students from all interdisciplinary programs. The Seminar course which is consisting of presentation of the studies and researches in front of the community within the framework of the techniques determined with the guidance of the advisor, and question and answer part are graded each semester.

This course is non-credit course which the supervisor evaluates the student's thesis work. It covers all the studies and researches to be carried out on the thesis subject determined by the guidance of the advisor and is graded each semester by the advisor.

Ethical principles in biomedical research, biosafety, ethics in animal studies, human and patients' rights, ethics in clinical research, national and international examples in publication ethics and principles will be discussed. Course will be completed via CITI online education program.

Examination of normal physiological processes of the cell and symptom - findings related to disease at cell level; cell, genetic control of cell proliferation and cancer; homeostasis; physiology of stress and disease, cell damage and adaptation, cell membrane physiology, acid-base equilibrium and imbalance, fluid-electrolyte equilibrium and imbalance

Basic physiology of body systems, physiopathology of diseases, causes of symptom - finding and discussion of nursing care: cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, endocrine, nervous system and blood cells and immune system.

In this course the student will examine the relationship of the four basic concepts of nursing (i.e. the individual, health, environment, and nursing) to the concepts of stress, anxiety, hope-hopelessness, loneliness, loss, crisis, body perception-body image, sensory deprivation and weakness in connection with sick individuals. The student is expected to gain knowledge towards the integration of these human conditions encountered in nursing practice into nursing care.