The main objective of this course is to provide the students with practical skills on the main subjects of physiology and integrate theoretical and practical knowledge during medical physiology education. At the same time, the course will focus on teaching and practicing the methodologies that are widely used in the field of physiology research such as electrophysiology, western blot, immunofluorescence and rt-PCR as well as on learning the basics and implications of a number of applications including in vitro cell culture, in vivo animal models, and electrophysiology techniques on human beings.

In this course, the basic mechanisms of transport through cell membrane as well as other biological membranes will be discussed together with their consequences at the cellular and higher levels of the mammalian organism. Membrane potentials will also be introduced and discussed in relation to the transport of charged particles across the cell membrane. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the ionic basis of the resting membrane potential, action potential generation and propagation, osmosis, regulation of voltage‐gated channels, electrogenic transporters and cellular pH regulation.

The goal of this course is to develop and enhance the student’s knowledge and understanding of the field of “Cell”, “Musculoskeletal System” and “Cardiovascular” Physiology. In the Cell Physiology lectures, enrolled students will learn the basic mechanisms of cell structure, function, and the general organization of the body. The basic concepts in cell physiology will be synthesized by investigating the functions of membrane components, receptors, cellular signaling pathways, second messenger systems, mechanisms of cell homeostasis and functions of each organelle.

Research methodology including epidemiology and biostatistics. Development of scientific hypothesis, study design, data collection and management, descriptive and analytic statistics, correlation, multivariate analysis, and meta-analysis. Methodology in preparing scientific publications.

The methods used to investigate semi-automatic systems. In the experimental section, the methods selected during discussions will be used. Using this method the receptors contributing to either chewing or walking will be investigated.

Main objective of this course is to teach the role of the endocrine system in controlling all systems of the body, with coordination with the nervous system. The similarities and the differences between the nervous and the endocrine systems with regard to the control of homeostasis will be analyzed. This class will focus on glandular secretions, the major endocrine glands and hormone-producing tissues and how their hormones govern body activities, metabolism and energy balance, control growth and development, and regulate operation of reproductive systems. This class aims to give an essential basic knowledge of endocrine physiology. On completion of this course the students will be aware of the effect of each hormone on its targeted tissue. The students will be able to explain negative and positive feedback mechanisms of hormones.

This course is non-credit and aims to increase the scientific interaction between students and improve their presentation skills with the participation of students from all interdisciplinary programs. The Seminar course which is consisting of presentation of the studies and researches in front of the community within the framework of the techniques determined with the guidance of the advisor, and question and answer part are graded each semester.

This course is non-credit course which the supervisor evaluates the student's thesis work. It covers all the studies and researches to be carried out on the thesis subject determined by the guidance of the advisor and is graded each semester by the advisor.

The structure of male and female reproductive systems at macroscopic and microscopic levels. Formation of the organs during the development of a human embryo. Lectures will be complemented by laboratory work.

Theoretical and practical aspects of working in a cell culture laboratory. Maintenance of a cell culture laboratory; problems and solutions.

The definition of infertility. The treatment strategies and drugs used to treat infertile couple during an ART cycle. Treatment strategies in assisted reproduction for special populations such as low responder patients, women with endometriosis and PCOS. The definition of recurrent implantation failure. The indications of fertility preservation and the strategies used to treat these patients. The complications of ART treatment.

The definition of ART. How to set up an IVF lab. The workflow and manipulations in ART. The evaluation of success in ART-evaluation of fertilization, embryo quality, early embryogenesis and implantation. The problems that affect success of ART. The evaluation and management of problems related to ART.

Stem cells, which have potential to develop into many different cell types. Recent studies related to these cells. Clinical importance and laboratory applications.

Placenta and fetal membranes (amniochorionic membranes) are one of the most important tissues in the intrauterine cavity that are vital for the safeguarding of the fetus, endurance of pregnancy, and as a signaler to introduce parturition. This course aims to learn the structure, biology, life cycle and functions of the placenta and fetal membranes by relating them to their pathology and possible outcomes to the newborn.

Fertilization of an oocyte (female germ cell) by a sperm (male germ cell) and development of an embryo from zygote. Formation of the human body.

Multiplication of cells, different stages of mitosis and meiosis, changes at the cell structure during division. Formation of male gametes (sperms) and female gametes (oocytes) will be discussed comparatively.

Statistical science and its application to problems of human health. The lectures will primarily focus on problems related to reproductive biology. Use of suitable statistical tests, correct interpretation of data, correct and effective presentation of results will be comparatively examined and discussed with statistical work presented in leading reproductive biology journals. Lectures will be complemented with lab work.

Ethical considerations related to reproductive biology with a specific focus on human cell and human tissues. How to collect human cells (granulosa cells, gametes, ovarian/testicular tissues, ...), how to design consent forms and manage relation with patients to avoid ethical problems will be discussed. Ethical issues while using mouse cells-especially embryos will also be considered. The rules, regulations and guidelines in various leading countries will be comparatively discussed with the rules in our country.

This course mainly aims to build up a perspective of a proper IVF lab, particularly embryology and andrology labs, and will include the following topics; i) how to set up an IVF lab, ii) maintaining stability and quality control in the lab, iii) basic principles of work-flow in an embryology lab, iv) basic principles of work-flow in an andrology lab, v) accreditation of an IVF-lab and international aspects, vi) overview of the applications in an IVF lab, vii) legal aspects in the IVF-lab.

This course is non-credit and aims to increase the scientific interaction between students and improve their presentation skills with the participation of students from all interdisciplinary programs. The Seminar course which is consisting of presentation of the studies and researches in front of the community within the framework of the techniques determined with the guidance of the advisor, and question and answer part are graded each semester.

This course is non-credit course which the supervisor evaluates the student's thesis work. It covers all the studies and researches to be carried out on the thesis subject determined by the guidance of the advisor and is graded each semester by the advisor.

Reproductive endocrinology is a branch of science that involves endocrinologic aspect of gonadal function in both sexes and reproduction. Better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive disorders and the application of problems of human reproduction especially endocrinological problems are important. This lecture will enable students to develop broad vision on molecular aspects of reproductive endocrinology and will allow in depth study of current aspects of reproduction.

This course will provide an up-to-date overview on reproductive genetics and immunology varying from very fundamental aspects of genetics to most-complicated genetic analysis tools and their application to certain reproductive disorders and prenatal diagnosis. In addition to genetics, there will be comprehensive lectures on the immunology of reproduction at implantation, early pregnancy and certain commonly seen benign reproductive disorders and recurrent abortions. Moreover, immune editing and immune escape mechanisms in benign and malignant disorders of the reproductive system will be reviewed.

This course will provide an up-to-date overview on reproductive genetics and immunology varying from very fundamental aspects of genetics to most-complicated genetic analysis tools and their application to certain reproductive disorders and prenatal diagnosis. In addition to genetics, there will be comprehensive lectures on the immunology of reproduction at implantation, early pregnancy and certain commonly seen benign reproductive disorders and recurrent abortions. Moreover, immune editing and immune escape mechanisms in benign and malignant disorders of the reproductive system will be reviewed.